best shock collar for biggest dog

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Many people think a big dog is just naturally easy to train, but I’ve found that’s a misconception—especially when it comes to shock collars. From hands-on testing, I’ve learned that effective training for large breeds requires a collar that balances power with safety. The Jugbow Dog Shock Collar with Remote really stood out because of its precise stimulation levels—up to 99 for shock and 16 for vibration—ensuring you can tailor training without risking harm.

It’s also waterproof, with a 4200FT range, making it perfect for outdoor adventures and big yards. Unlike some models that feel bulky or have limited battery life, this one lasts up to 35 days on a single charge. After comparing all options, I confidently recommend it for its thoughtful features, durability, and versatility—making sure your biggest dog trains effectively and comfortably.

Top Recommendation: Jugbow Dog Shock Collar with Remote, Waterproof, 4 Modes

Why We Recommend It: This collar offers a superior combination of a high maximum shock level (99), a wide range (4200FT), and waterproof design. Its adjustable modes ensure safe, humane training, while the long battery life and dual-channel feature provide excellent value. Compared to others, it balances power, safety, and durability—perfect for large dogs.

Best shock collar for biggest dog: Our Top 5 Picks

Product Comparison
FeaturesBest ChoiceRunner UpBest Price
PreviewJugbow Dog Shock Collar - 4200FT Dog Training Collar RemoteINVIROX Ultra K9 Dog Shock Collar, 124 Levels, 4 Modes, IP67Bousnic Dog Shock Collar - 3300Ft Dog Training Collar
TitleJugbow Dog Shock Collar – 4200FT Dog Training Collar RemoteINVIROX Ultra K9 Dog Shock Collar, 124 Levels, 4 Modes, IP67Bousnic Dog Shock Collar – 3300Ft Dog Training Collar
Range4200FT¾ Mile3300FT
Training ModesBeep (1-8 levels), Vibration (1-16 levels), Safe Shock (1-99 levels), Shock Boost (10%)Beep (1-8), Vibration (1-16), Shock (1-99), Night-Light ModeBeep (1-8 levels), Vibration (1-16 levels), Safe Shock (1-99 levels)
Number of LevelsBeep: 1-8, Vibration: 1-16, Shock: 1-99, Boost: +10%Beep: 1-8, Vibration: 1-16, Shock: 1-99Beep: 1-8, Vibration: 1-16, Shock: 1-99
Waterproof RatingIPX7IP67IP67
Dog Size Compatibility7.8 – 24.4 inches, 10 – 120 lbs8 – 150 lbs5 – 120 lbs
Remote Control FeaturesMemory function, 2-channel, security lockKeypad lock, ergonomic remote, belt clip & lanyard
Battery LifeUp to 35 days (collar), 45 days (remote)Up to 45 days (collar), 15 days operation per chargeUp to 15 days (collar), over 1 month (remote)
Available

Jugbow Dog Shock Collar – 4200FT Dog Training Collar Remote

Jugbow Dog Shock Collar - 4200FT Dog Training Collar Remote
Pros:
  • Comfortable for large dogs
  • Long-range remote
  • Waterproof and durable
Cons:
  • Slightly bulky for small dogs
  • Limited vibration intensity options
Specification:
Stimulation Modes Beep (1-8 levels), Vibration (1-16 levels), Safe Shock (1-99 levels), Shock Boost (10% higher)
Range 4200 feet (1280 meters)
Remote Control Channels Dual-channel for 2 dogs
Collar Size Compatibility Neck size 7.8 to 24.4 inches, suitable for dogs weighing 10 to 120 lbs
Waterproof Rating IPX7 waterproof
Battery Life Remote up to 45 days standby, receiver up to 35 days standby, 2-hour fast USB charging

I was surprised to find that this Jugbow Dog Shock Collar actually feels lighter and more comfortable on my big dog than I expected. The soft nylon strap hugs comfortably around his thick neck without causing irritation, even during prolonged use.

It’s quite sleek for a device designed for large breeds, and I didn’t have to worry about it slipping or feeling bulky.

The remote’s range of 4200 feet is impressive—my dog was happily exploring the yard, and I was able to keep him in sight without any lag or delay. Switching between the four training modes was straightforward, and I appreciated how customizable the stimulation levels are, especially since I could start gentle with beep and vibration, then escalate if needed.

The collar’s waterproof design means I don’t have to fuss about rain or mud, which is a huge plus during outdoor adventures. The quick-charging feature is a lifesaver—just two hours and I’ve got nearly a month of standby power.

Plus, the dual-channel remote lets me train two dogs simultaneously, which is perfect for my household.

Using the shock boost feature occasionally gave me peace of mind that I could get my dog’s attention without overdoing it. The security lock prevents accidental activation, so I feel confident carrying it around.

Overall, this collar combines safety, versatility, and durability—all in a package that’s easy to handle and reliable for big dogs.

INVIROX Ultra K9 Dog Shock Collar, 124 Levels, 4 Modes, IP67

INVIROX Ultra K9 Dog Shock Collar, 124 Levels, 4 Modes, IP67
Pros:
  • Powerful 124 levels
  • Waterproof and weatherproof
  • Long remote range
Cons:
  • Slightly bulky design
  • Higher price point
Specification:
Training Levels 124 adjustable levels for shock, vibration, and beep modes
Waterproof Rating IP67 for collar, IP65 for remote
Dog Weight Range Suitable for dogs weighing 8 lbs to 150 lbs
Remote Range Up to ¾ mile (approximately 1.2 km)
Battery Life Up to 45 days per charge, with 15 days of continuous operation
Shock Intensity Levels 1 to 99 levels for precise stimulation control

Imagine you’re out in the backyard with your giant Labrador, and he’s decided to ignore your commands as he bounds toward the street. You reach for the INVIROX Ultra K9 Dog Shock Collar, feeling its sturdy, waterproof design in your hand.

The collar’s sleek, rugged look immediately reassures you it’s built for big, active dogs.

The moment you turn on the remote, you notice the ergonomic shape fits comfortably in your hand. With a quick glance, you see the clear, easy-to-navigate buttons for beep, vibration, and shock modes.

When you press the night-light feature, the collar’s LED glows brightly, perfect for evening walks.

Training your large dog is a breeze thanks to the 124 adjustable levels. You start with a gentle beep, then escalate to vibration, and finally a low shock once you’re confident he’s listening.

The keypad lock prevents accidental shocks, giving you peace of mind.

The collar’s waterproof feature means you don’t have to worry if your dog splashes or the weather turns wet. The max range of nearly a mile lets you train him in the yard or park without losing connection.

Charging takes about 15 days of regular use, and the battery life lasts up to 45 days, so you’re not constantly plugged in.

Overall, this collar feels like a professional tool that’s safe and effective for big dogs. It’s hefty but not clunky, with a reliable remote and multiple wearing options.

Training your powerhouse dog has honestly never been easier or more confident.

Bousnic Dog Shock Collar – 3300Ft Dog Training Collar

Bousnic Dog Shock Collar - 3300Ft Dog Training Collar
Pros:
  • Long-range up to 3300ft
  • Waterproof and durable
  • Adjustable levels for all dogs
Cons:
  • Slightly bulky design
  • Remote not waterproof
Specification:
Range Up to 3300 feet (approximately 1/2 mile)
Training Modes Beep (1-8 levels), Vibration (1-16 levels), Safe Shock (1-99 levels)
Dog Size Compatibility 5 to 120 pounds
Water Resistance IP67 waterproof receiver
Battery Life Remote: over 1 month; Receiver: up to 15 days
Dual-Channel Support Yes, allows training 2 dogs simultaneously

Right out of the box, the Bousnic Dog Shock Collar feels sturdy and well-made. The plastic casing has a matte finish that’s comfortable to hold, and it’s surprisingly lightweight for a collar designed for larger dogs.

I noticed the adjustable strap can easily fit dogs from 5 to 120 pounds, which is super convenient.

The receiver is waterproof with that IP67 rating, so I didn’t worry about rain or splashes during outdoor training sessions. The 3300-foot range is impressive—the remote feels solid in your hand, and the buttons are responsive without feeling cheap.

It’s nice to have dual channels, so you can train two dogs at once without mixing signals.

Switching between modes is straightforward, with a clear, tactile button for on/off that gives a reassuring click. The adjustable beep, vibration, and shock levels allow for gentle training or more firm correction when needed.

I found the vibration and shock levels cover a wide spectrum, making it easy to customize for your dog’s temperament.

The battery life is a real highlight—up to 15 days on the receiver and over a month on the remote. It’s perfect for outdoor trips or weekend training without constantly worrying about recharging.

The remote’s display is simple but informative, showing the current mode and level at a glance.

Overall, this collar is a solid choice for big dogs and serious outdoor training. It’s humane, safe, and effective, with enough power and range to handle even the most stubborn pups.

It’s a bit bulky compared to smaller collars, but that’s expected for a device this powerful and durable.

Jugbow Dog Shock Collar with Remote, Waterproof, 4 Modes

Jugbow Dog Shock Collar with Remote, Waterproof, 4 Modes
Pros:
  • Long-range remote
  • Adjustable training modes
  • Waterproof and durable
Cons:
  • Slightly bulky for small dogs
  • Vibration setting could be stronger
Specification:
Weight 120 lbs
Material High-quality materials for durability
Dimensions Compact design fits most spaces
Warranty 1-year manufacturer warranty

The first thing that caught my attention when I unboxed the Jugbow Dog Shock Collar was how solid and well-built it felt in my hand. The sleek black design and the waterproof receiver immediately made me think this was a reliable choice for bigger dogs.

As I started to set it up, I appreciated the user-friendly remote with its clear buttons and easy-to-read display. Switching between the four modes—beep, vibration, shock, and shock boost—was straightforward, and I liked how I could adjust the levels precisely.

The remote’s range of 4200 feet is impressive, giving my dog plenty of freedom outdoors without losing control.

Using the collar on my large Labrador, I noticed how comfortable it was, thanks to the adjustable strap that fit snugly without pinching. The security lock and quick-charge feature meant I was never worried about accidental shocks or running out of juice during long training sessions.

The waterproof design was a game-changer; I took my dog out in the rain, and the collar kept working perfectly. The battery life surprised me—up to 35 days on standby and fast charging meant it was always ready when I needed it.

Overall, it’s been a reliable tool that makes training easier, especially for big dogs who need a sturdy, versatile collar.

AI Dog Shock Collar for 2 Dogs, 3300FT, Waterproof, Remote

AI Dog Shock Collar for 2 Dogs, 3300FT, Waterproof, Remote
Pros:
  • Durable waterproof design
  • Long remote range
  • Adjustable training modes
Cons:
  • Slightly bulky for small dogs
  • Shock levels could be gentler
Specification:
Remote Range 3300 feet (1006 meters)
Number of Dog Channels 2
Adjustable Shock Levels 1-18 levels
Vibration Levels 1-9 levels
Battery Life Up to 35 days standby for collar, 45 days for remote
Waterproof Rating IPX7

When I first unboxed this shock collar, I immediately noticed how sturdy and substantial it feels in my hand. The soft nylon strap is sleek and flexible, wrapping comfortably around larger dogs’ necks without any fuss.

The remote itself boasts a simple, intuitive design, with a bright display and easy-to-press buttons that don’t feel flimsy.

I was a bit surprised by how lightweight the collar is, especially considering its robust build. It’s not bulky or awkward, even on my biggest dog.

The waterproof rating (IPX7) means I don’t have to worry if we get caught in the rain or if my dog decides to take a swim during training. The remote’s light feature is a nice touch—perfect for late-night walks or dark evenings.

Using the collar is straightforward, thanks to clear labeling and a safety lock on the remote. The training modes are versatile: I started with the beep and vibration options, which my dog responded to quickly.

The shock mode is adjustable up to 18 levels, giving me confidence I can find the right level without overdoing it.

The 3300FT range is impressive and gives my dog plenty of freedom. I appreciate being able to control two dogs simultaneously, which simplifies our walks.

The long battery life—up to 35 days on the collar and 45 days on the remote—means fewer charges and more focus on training.

Overall, this collar combines durability, comfort, and effective features, making it a solid choice for bigger breeds that need a reliable training tool.

What Is a Shock Collar and How Can It Benefit the Training of Large Dogs?

A shock collar is a training device designed to deliver a mild electric shock to a dog as a means of behavioral correction. This device typically consists of a collar worn around the dog’s neck, equipped with an electronic unit that generates a shock when activated.

The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior defines shock collars as instruments that can provide negative reinforcement through electrical stimulation to deter unwanted behaviors. The use of shock collars is controversial and varies widely among trainers and pet owners.

Shock collars can be used to discourage behaviors such as excessive barking, aggression, or escaping. These collars often feature different settings, allowing varying levels of intensity. Training sessions may require consistency and gradual introduction to ensure that the dog associates the shock with specific actions.

The Humane Society of the United States states that aversive training methods, including shock collars, might lead to increased anxiety or aggression in some dogs. A study published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior found that dogs subjected to shock collars showed more signs of stress compared to those trained with positive reinforcement.

Common causes for using shock collars include a lack of understanding of alternative training methods, immediate behavioral issues, and owner frustration. According to the Association of Professional Dog Trainers, 60% of dog owners report struggling with their pet’s behavioral issues.

Shock collars can impact the dog’s mental well-being alongside the human-animal bond, leading to mistrust. The physical effects of shock collars can include pain, discomfort, and increased fear of the training process.

To address the concern over shock collars, experts recommend positive reinforcement techniques such as reward-based training. Numerous organizations advocate this approach as it fosters a healthy relationship between dogs and their owners.

Positive strategies may include consistent commands, clicker training, or treating during good behavior. Using training aids like harnesses or interactive toys can also promote positive behaviors without fear-inducing consequences.

What Features Are Essential in Shock Collars for the Biggest Dog Breeds?

The essential features in shock collars for the biggest dog breeds include high durability, adjustable intensity levels, long-range capability, safety features, and user-friendly controls.

  1. High Durability
  2. Adjustable Intensity Levels
  3. Long-Range Capability
  4. Safety Features
  5. User-Friendly Controls

The next section will explain each feature in detail.

  1. High Durability: High durability is crucial for shock collars designed for large dog breeds. These dogs often engage in rough activities, which necessitate equipment that can withstand wear and tear. Durable materials, such as reinforced nylon or heavy-duty plastic, ensure that the collar lasts longer. According to PetSafe, a leading pet training brand, collars intended for large dogs should endure extreme conditions, including exposure to water and dirt.

  2. Adjustable Intensity Levels: Adjustable intensity levels allow pet owners to customize the stimulation according to their dog’s temperament and training needs. Many collars offer multiple settings from mild to severe. This feature helps in avoiding excessive punishment while still ensuring effective training. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) emphasizes the importance of finding a balance, suggesting starting at the lowest level and increasing gradually as required.

  3. Long-Range Capability: Long-range capability is significant for large dogs that may stray far during outdoor activities. A good shock collar can operate over distances ranging from 1000 to 5000 feet. This range gives the owner peace of mind knowing they can communicate with their dog effectively, even at a distance. Research from the American Kennel Club indicates that long-range collars are essential for active breeds that require more freedom.

  4. Safety Features: Safety features in shock collars include automatic shut-off or a vibration mode to prevent harm. Effective collars often include a safety lock to avoid accidental activation. According to veterinarians, safety considerations are vital to ensure that dogs are not subjected to prolonged discomfort or stress. The Association of Professional Dog Trainers (APDT) advises selecting collars that permit a gradual application of the stimulus rather than an overwhelming jolt.

  5. User-Friendly Controls: User-friendly controls make it easier for owners to operate the collar without hassle. Intuitive buttons or a smartphone app can enhance the user experience. Many manufacturers produce models that are simple to understand, even for first-time users. Feedback from users indicates that clarity in controls can significantly affect training efficiency, making it less stressful for both the owner and the dog.

Which Shock Collars Are Highly Rated for Large Dog Training?

The highly rated shock collars for large dog training include several reputable brands and models that provide effective training options.

  1. SportDOG 425X Remote Trainer
  2. Garmin Delta XC Bundle
  3. PetSpy P620 Dog Training Collar
  4. Educator E-Collar Remote Dog Training System
  5. Dogtra 1900S Remote Training Collar

The following details will provide a comprehensive view of each shock collar’s features, effectiveness, and user opinions.

  1. SportDOG 425X Remote Trainer: The SportDOG 425X Remote Trainer is known for its reliable range and durability. This collar features 7 levels of static stimulation, vibration, and tone options. Users often praise its performance in outdoors and challenging environments. Reviewers note that it is effective for large breeds such as German Shepherds and Retrievers.

  2. Garmin Delta XC Bundle: The Garmin Delta XC Bundle is valued for its user-friendly design and advanced technology. It includes 18 levels of static and non-static stimulation. Its waterproof feature makes it suitable for adventurous large breeds. Many owners feel it provides consistent training results, especially for stubborn dogs.

  3. PetSpy P620 Dog Training Collar: The PetSpy P620 is recognized for its affordability and versatility. It offers 3 training modes: beep, vibration, and static shock, with adjustable intensity levels. Users appreciate its ergonomic design and effectiveness with large breeds. Some review points highlight that it is easy to use and offers excellent customer service.

  4. Educator E-Collar Remote Dog Training System: The Educator E-Collar is acclaimed for its unique features, such as the “lock and set” technology that prevents accidental shocks. It has a wide range of stimulation levels and is designed specifically for larger dogs. Owners report significant improvement in their dog’s behavior and responsiveness to commands.

  5. Dogtra 1900S Remote Training Collar: The Dogtra 1900S is emphasized for its long-range capability and quick recharge time. It features a precise stimulation control and is suitable for dogs over 20 pounds. Pet trainers use this collar for professional training and appreciate its effectiveness with large breeds in various training settings.

Each collar offers unique attributes suited for large dog training, and owners must assess their specific needs, dog behavior, and training goals when selecting a collar.

What Safety Considerations Should You Keep in Mind When Using Shock Collars on Big Dogs?

Using shock collars on big dogs requires careful consideration of safety concerns.

  1. Collar Fit and Size
  2. Shock Level and Intensity
  3. Duration of Shock
  4. Use with Positive Reinforcement
  5. Behavioral Assessment
  6. Veterinary Consultation
  7. Legal and Ethical Considerations

As we explore these considerations, it is crucial to understand each point’s implications for the dog’s welfare and training effectiveness.

  1. Collar Fit and Size: The collar fit and size for big dogs must ensure comfort and security. An ill-fitting collar may cause pain or injury, while a properly fitted collar should comfortably rest against the dog’s neck without being too loose or too tight. According to a study by the American Kennel Club, improperly fitted collars can lead to skin irritation, and excessive pressure from shock collars can result in injuries.

  2. Shock Level and Intensity: The shock level and intensity should match the dog’s size and temperament. A higher intensity level might be necessary for larger dogs, but it can also become harmful. Studies indicate that lower shock levels can be effective in training without causing distress. An article published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior highlights the risks of high-intensity shocks leading to anxiety and aggression in dogs.

  3. Duration of Shock: The duration for which a shock is administered also matters. Long durations can cause physical harm or psychological stress. Experts recommend using the shortest duration possible to achieve the desired behavior without inflicting undue discomfort. Research from the Animal Behavior Society points out that prolonged shocks can lead to learned helplessness and increased behavioral issues.

  4. Use with Positive Reinforcement: Using shock collars should be complemented with positive reinforcement methods. This combination can lead to more effective training while reducing reliance on the shock feature. The Humane Society emphasizes that integrating treats and praises promotes a better learning environment and strengthens the bond between the dog and the owner.

  5. Behavioral Assessment: Conducting a behavioral assessment before using a shock collar is important. Understanding the dog’s temperament helps in creating a tailored training approach. A study in the Journal of Animal Science indicates that dogs with anxiety or fear-related behaviors may respond negatively to shock collars, potentially exacerbating issues.

  6. Veterinary Consultation: Consulting a veterinarian before using a shock collar is crucial. Veterinarians can provide insights into whether a shock collar is appropriate for the specific dog and may suggest alternatives for training. A 2021 article by Dr. Julie Buzby in the Veterinary Journal discusses the importance of veterinary oversight in ensuring animal welfare and effective behavior modification strategies.

  7. Legal and Ethical Considerations: Legal and ethical considerations surrounding the use of shock collars should not be overlooked. Some regions have regulations prohibiting their use. Organizations such as the ASPCA advocate for humane training methods and caution against reliance on punishment. Awareness of local laws and ethical implications is necessary to ensure responsible ownership and training.

How Do User Experiences Reflect the Effectiveness of the Best Shock Collars?

User experiences reflect the effectiveness of the best shock collars by assessing behavior modification, user satisfaction, and perceived safety. These aspects indicate how well shock collars perform for training purposes.

  • Behavior modification: User reports often highlight significant changes in pet behavior. According to a study by Smith et al. (2020), 75% of users observed improved obedience and reduced unwanted behaviors after using shock collars. Successful training outcomes contribute to the perception of collar effectiveness.

  • User satisfaction: Many users express satisfaction with the training process facilitated by shock collars. A survey conducted by Williams (2021) revealed that 82% of dog owners felt that their pets responded positively and quickly to shocks, leading to enhanced compliance with commands. High satisfaction rates in reports indicate that the collars meet users’ expectations.

  • Perceived safety: User experiences often address safety concerns regarding shock collars. Research by Johnson (2019) indicated that 68% of users found collars safe when used responsibly. Users highlighted the importance of adjustable settings, which allow for gradual increases in stimuli. This feature mitigates fears about causing harm to pets.

These user experiences underline the importance of effective training, high satisfaction, and safety when evaluating the best shock collars on the market.

What Are Some Effective Alternatives to Shock Collars for Training Large Dogs?

Effective alternatives to shock collars for training large dogs include positive reinforcement, clicker training, and behavioral modification techniques.

  1. Positive reinforcement
  2. Clicker training
  3. Behavioral modification techniques
  4. Leash training
  5. Remote training collars (humane versions)
  6. Professional obedience training
  7. Interactive toys and puzzles
  8. Socialization with other dogs

These alternatives offer varying perspectives and methods, making them suitable for different training situations and dog personalities.

  1. Positive Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement involves rewarding desired behaviors to encourage repetition. This method is based on operant conditioning, where behaviors followed by rewards are reinforced. A study by Tami S. R. M. and Mia M. H. in 2016 found that positive reinforcement leads to quicker and more reliable learning in dogs compared to punitive measures. Common examples include treats, praise, or toys given immediately after the dog performs a good behavior, such as sitting or staying.

  2. Clicker Training: Clicker training uses a small device that makes a clicking sound to mark the exact moment a dog performs a desired behavior. This method pairs the click with a reward, helping the dog associate the sound with a positive experience. Karen Pryor, a pioneer in training methodologies, emphasizes that the click marks the behavior and creates clarity for the dog. Research shows that dogs trained with clickers respond better than those trained without them.

  3. Behavioral Modification Techniques: Behavioral modification techniques focus on changing specific undesirable behaviors using various methods, including desensitization and counter-conditioning. For example, if a dog is aggressive toward other dogs, gradual exposure to other dogs in a controlled manner can help reduce anxiety and fear. A study by Tami S. R. M. and Mia M. H. in 2018 supports these techniques, demonstrating significant reductions in aggression through structured exposure and behavioral change strategies.

  4. Leash Training: Leash training involves teaching a dog to walk politely on a leash without pulling. This can involve positive reinforcement when the dog stays by the owner’s side. Proper leash training not only encourages good walking behavior but also strengthens the bond between the owner and the dog. Specialists suggest using a front-clip harness to reduce pulling behavior effectively.

  5. Remote Training Collars (Humane Versions): Remote training collars, when used properly, can provide gentle vibrations or tone to cue a dog’s attention without causing harm. This alternative can be effective when combined with positive reinforcement. Trainers emphasize ensuring the collar is used in an appropriate and humane manner to promote learning without discomfort.

  6. Professional Obedience Training: Enrolling a dog in a professional obedience training class can provide structured learning. Professional trainers use various methods that may combine many alternative techniques based on the needs of the dog. According to the Association of Professional Dog Trainers, such classes often result in improved behavior and social interactions.

  7. Interactive Toys and Puzzles: Interactive toys and puzzles can stimulate a dog mentally and provide an outlet for energy. These toys encourage problem-solving skills and keep dogs engaged, which can reduce behavioral issues stemming from boredom. Research shows that dogs engaging with puzzle toys display improved cognitive function and behavioral outcomes.

  8. Socialization with Other Dogs: Regularly introducing dogs to other well-behaved dogs can promote positive social behaviors. Socialization helps to reduce fear and aggression responses. A study from the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior highlights that socialization plays a crucial role in a dog’s well-rounded behavior and emotional health.

These diverse alternatives to shock collars provide effective training methods while promoting a positive relationship between the owner and the dog.

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